Protein synthesis inhibitor

A protein synthesis inhibitor is a substance that stops or slows the growth or proliferation of cells by disrupting the processes that lead directly to the generation of new proteins.[1]

While a broad interpretation of this definition could be used to describe nearly any antibiotic, in practice, it usually refers to substances that act at the ribosome level (either the ribosome itself or the translation factor),[2] taking advantages of the major differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosome structures.

Toxins such as ricin also function via protein synthesis inhibition.[3] Ricin acts at the eukaryotic 60S.[4]

Examples:

Contents

Mechanism

In general, protein synthesis inhibitors work at different stages of prokaryotic mRNA translation into proteins, like initiation, elongation (including aminoacyl tRNA entry, proofreading, peptidyl transfer, and ribosomal translocation) and termination:

Earlier stages

Initiation

Aminoacyl tRNA entry

Proofreading

Peptidyl transfer

Ribosomal translocation

Termination

Protein synthesis inhibitors of unspecified mechanism

Binding site

The following antibiotics bind to the 30S subunit of the ribosome:

The following antibiotics bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit:

See also

References

  1. ^ "Definition: protein synthesis inhibitor from Online Medical Dictionary". http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?protein+synthesis+inhibitor. 
  2. ^ "7.344 Antibiotics, Toxins, and Protein Engineering, Spring 2007". MIT OpenCourseWare. http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Biology/7-344Spring-2007/LectureNotes/index.htm. 
  3. ^ Leonard JE, Grothaus CD, Taetle R (October 1988). "Ricin binding and protein synthesis inhibition in human hematopoietic cell lines". Blood 72 (4): 1357–1363. PMID 3167211. http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=3167211. 
  4. ^ Terao K, Uchiumi T, Endo Y, Ogata K (June 1988). "Ricin and alpha-sarcin alter the conformation of 60S ribosomal subunits at neighboring but different sites". Eur. J. Biochem. 174 (3): 459–463. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14120.x. PMID 3391162. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0014-2956&date=1988&volume=174&issue=3&spage=459. 
  5. ^ Swaney SM, Aoki H, Ganoza MC, Shinabarger DL (December 1998). "The Oxazolidinone Linezolid Inhibits Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Bacteria". Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42 (12): 3251–3255. PMC 106030. PMID 9835522. http://aac.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9835522. 
  6. ^ Skripkin E, McConnell TS, DeVito J, et al. (October 2008). "Rχ-01, a New Family of Oxazolidinones That Overcome Ribosome-Based Linezolid Resistance". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52 (10): 3550–3557. doi:10.1128/AAC.01193-07. PMC 2565890. PMID 18663023. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2565890. 
  7. ^ Slover CM, Rodvold KA, Danziger LH (June 2007). "Tigecycline: a novel broad-spectrum antimicrobial". Ann Pharmacother 41 (6): 965–972. doi:10.1345/aph.1H543. PMID 17519296. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/557981_2. Retrieved 2009-12-19. 
  8. ^ a b Flavio Guzmán (12/08/2008). "Protein synthesis inhibitors: aminoglycosides mechanism of action animation. Classification of agents". Pharmamotion. http://pharmamotion.com.ar/protein-synthesis-inhibitors-aminoglycosides-mechanism-of-action-animation-classification-of-agents/. 
  9. ^ a b Protein synthesis inhibitors: macrolides mechanism of action animation. Classification of agents Pharmamotion. Author: Gary Kaiser. The Community College of Baltimore County. Retrieved on July 31, 2009
  10. ^ a b c Page 212 in: Title: Hugo and Russell's pharmaceutical microbiology Authors: William Barry Hugo, Stephen P. Denyer, Norman A. Hodges, Sean P. Gorman Edition: 7, illustrated Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004 ISBN 0-632-06467-6 Length: 481 pages
  11. ^ Wisteria Lane cases --> CLINDAMYCIN University of Michigan. Retrieved on July 31, 2009
  12. ^ a b Menninger JR (1995). "Mechanism of inhibition of protein synthesis by macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics". J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 6 (3–4): 229–250. doi:10.1515/JBCPP.1995.6.3-4.229. PMID 8852269. 
  13. ^ a b Tenson T, Lovmar M, Ehrenberg M (July 2003). "The mechanism of action of macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B reveals the nascent peptide exit path in the ribosome". J. Mol. Biol. 330 (5): 1005–1014. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00662-4. PMID 12860123. 
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i Levinson, Warren (2008). Review of medical microbiology and immunology. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149620-9. 
  15. ^ a b Drugbank.ca > Showing drug card for Retapamulin (DB01256) Update Date: 2009-06-23